TGF-β1 is considered to be the most critical cytokine in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis, which can regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, promote the formation of an extracellular matrix, participate in the regulation of embryonic development, etc., mainly through the activation of its downstream signal protein Smads [7–11]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Peritoneal Fibrosis.