Castillo et al. (2011) found that the combined effect (Pro + Tx) resulted in increased IFN-γ and IL-6 levels in mouse intestinal fluid. Nonetheless, most of the previous studies into the probiotic effect of Limosilactobacillus against STM were performed in a non-robust gut inflammation mouse typhoid model. Here, we used a streptomycin-pretreated mouse colitis model to investigate anti-Salmonella and anti-inflammatory effects of L. reuteri KUB-AC5. Here, IFNG is linked to colitis.