IL1B and COVID-19: Adaptive immunity is also activated in COVID-19 patients mainly by antigen presenting dendritic cells, which produce large amounts of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and migrate to the regional lymph nodes to present viral antigen to naïve T cells, pushing their differentiation and migration into affected tissue (Gubernatorova et al., 2020).