It has been shown before by us and others that a genetic deletion or specific inhibition of certain TLRs, e.g. TLR4 and TLR9, may dampen or even abolish the development of NAFLD39–41 while for others like TLR2 was even found that a deletion may even exacerbate the development of NAFLD in mice42. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.