Also, as we used whole body knockout mice and the yield of PBMCs of FFC-fed mice was too low to perform a statistical analysis, the results obtained in mice can only in part be related to the findings in humans and the question if an induction of TLR1 in PBMCs in NAFLD patients impacts the development of the disease will have to be addressed in future studies. Here, TLR1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.