TNF and chronic kidney disease: Resistin has also been reported to upregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, and monocyte chemoattractant protein in PBMCs, macrophages, and hepatic stellate cells via the nuclear factor-κB pathway [47, 50]; the correlation of resistin levels with inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers has been reported both in the general population and in individuals with T2DM, coronary atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and/or sepsis [48, 49, 51].