Moreover, major vault protein (MVP) assists in discharging tumor-suppressive miRNA-193a from colon cancer cells via sEVs, hence promoting tumor progression, while AUF1-mediated recruitment of lncRNA-AFAP1-AS1 to breast cancer-derived sEVs is associated with trastuzumab resistance [43, 44]. Here, HNRNPD is linked to neoplasm.