CXCR4 and atherosclerosis: CXCR4 heterodimerizes with other receptors, such as CXCR3, the Na+/H + exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1), CCR7, CCR2, CCR5, α1-AR and opioid receptors, resulting in differential signalling; however, their roles in atherosclerosis are still uncertain [35].