Notably, although not observed in the other groups, the group treated by ACT in the presence of CTXpre/CD4post (CTX/ex-T/anti-CD4 group) developed vitiligo, a sign of CD8+ T-cell-induced melanocyte destruction6,7, indicating the increased response of CD8+ T cells (Fig. 1e, f). Here, CD4 is linked to vitiligo.