PRKAA1 and ischemia: We also observed increased AMPK T172 phosphorylation in both cytosolic and enriched mitochondrial fractions following repeated contractions evoked by electrical stimulation compared to nonstimulated contralateral control muscle (SI Appendix, Fig. S2C), as well as 60 min of hindlimb ischemia by tourniquet application (11, 36) compared with the contralateral TA muscle (SI Appendix, Fig. S2 H and I).