The important role of the MAP kinase pathway in neoplastic transformation is also evident in the roughly 10% of pancreatic cancers that lack oncogenic KRAS but carry mutations in upstream receptor tyrosine kinases (FGFR1, ERBB2), downstream effectors of RAS (BRAF), or loss of a negative regulator of active RAS (NF1) [13, 15]. The gene discussed is KRAS; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.