HMGCS2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Although the role of cardiac HMGCS2 is unknown, it is transiently expressed at a high level in neonatal mouse heart before declining by postnatal day 23 (Talman et al., 2018) and has been shown to be upregulated in type 1 diabetes following streptozotocin (STZ) treatment in rats (Cook et al., 2017) and mice (Shukla et al., 2017), as well as in mice when fasted or on a ketogenic diet (Wentz et al., 2010).