Inhibition of HMGCS2 may therefore represent a novel cardioprotective strategy, perhaps of particular relevance to the diabetic heart, where sensitivity to ischaemia/reperfusion injury (Paulson, 1997) and, at least in the case of type 1 diabetes, expression of HMGCS2 are both increased (Cook et al., 2017; Shukla et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene HMGCS2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.