Additionally, there was a significantly increased systemic IgE response to a number of outdoor air fungi (Schizophyllum, p < 0.01; Aspergillus, p < 0.001; Penicillium, p < 0.001; Byssochlamys, p < 0.001; and Cladosporium, p < 0.01) in COPD patients when compared to controls and an increased number of exacerbations was detected in the COPD patients that were sensitized against air-fungi (IRR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.12–4.68, p < 0.01) (49). This evidence concerns the gene IGHE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.