Various ICIs including anti-PD1, anti-PDL1 and CTLA-4 antibodies have been tested for the treatment of HNSCC and two ICIs, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, both anti-PD-1 antibodies, were granted FDA approval for platinum refractory patients in 2016. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.