GALNT1 and urinary bladder cancer: Li et al. (2016) found that GALNT1-mediated glycosylation and activation of Sonic Hedgehog signaling were involved in tumor-initiation and self-renewal of bladder cancer stem cells (Li et al., 2016). In another study, Teng Hu et al. found that RSPO3 promoted the aggressiveness of bladder cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways (Chen et al., 2019b). Transcriptional regulatory factor YAP was overexpressed in bladder cancer tissue and promoted the spread of bladder cancer by affecting the MAPK pathway (Qiu et al., 2020).