It has also been reported that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) levels showed diagnostic performance for discriminating patients with LN from those without LN (17–20). This evidence concerns the gene GC and lobular neoplasia.