- In MS, induces anti-inflammatory phenotype by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide in both microglia and monocyte-derived MФs.Enhances the phagocytic activity of microglia and monocyte-derived MФs (172, 173).Decreases microglial activation (174).- In EAE, promotes anti-inflammatory phenotype in monocyte-derived MФs by increasing the production of IL-10 and TGF-β and decreasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of adhesion molecules (175).- In vitro, increases the production of IL-10 and reduces TNF-α in microglia (176). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.