Although, in normal subjects; circulating BNP levels are far less than ANP levels, the increases in BNP concentrations in plasma can be 5−10-fold higher than the fold increases in the levels of ANP in CHF patients (Mukoyama et al., 1991; Hanford et al., 1994; Hanford and Glembotski, 1996). This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and congestive heart failure.