The previous studies have indicated that a decreased plasma levels of ANP might be associated with the obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis in humans (Wang et al., 2004; Wang T.J. et al., 2007; Birkenfeld et al., 2008; Coue and Moro, 2016; Cannone et al., 2019). Here, NPPA is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.