HMGB1 and hypertensive disorder: Nair et al. in 2015 found toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and proinflammatory cytokines mediated immune response contributed to Ang II-induced hypertension in rat tubular epithelial cell line NRK52E (Nair et al., 2015).