VEGFA and Alzheimer disease: The angiogenic factors, VEGF, PlGF, and their receptors, Flt-1 and Tie-2, were identified: Flt-1 (elevated in CSF for MX compared to the other three groups) (Supplementary Figure 4), and Tie-2 (important in classification in plasma) (Table 2); they initiate vessel growth controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor-α under hypoxic conditions, which are present in both AD and VCID due to reduced cerebral blood flow as found in both conditions, but for different underlying mechanisms (Tomimoto, 2011; Iadecola, 2013).