Furthermore, the increase in glutamate release stimulates peritumoral neurons to release BDNF and Neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) that in turn stimulate the glioma cells to proliferation and infiltration and sustained NGS formation (Venkatesh et al., 2015, 2017, 2019; Venkataramani et al., 2019). Here, BDNF is linked to glioma.