NPPB and hypertrophy: Representative two-dimension M-mode echocardiograms in all groups were illustrated in Fig. 2A. 6-week disposal-free feeding after LAD ligation produced significant HF manifestations, evidenced by reduction in LVEF and FS, and augmentation in LVIDs, LVIDd, LVESV, LVEDV at 6th and 8th week versus sham group, respectively, in addition to increased serum BNP concentration and heart weight/tibia length at 8th week that demonstrated cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy (Fig. 2B, C), with the specific parameters were illustrated in Table 1).