The interrelationship of immune cells in COVID-19 was intrinsically identified, whereby T cells secreting IL-2, IL-4, and IL-17A were enriched among CD28+ and CD57− cells and cells secreting perforin/granzyme B/IFN-γ/tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-expressed markers of terminal differentiation. Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.