A few studies have reported that ACTB was upregulated in a proinflammatory phenotype of HCC peritumoral tissues with increased immune infiltration and rBCG-AN-E-AC upregulated the ACTB expression in macrophages and enhanced the power of antigen presentation and immune reaction of CD8 + T-cells [71,72]. This evidence concerns the gene ACTB and hepatocellular carcinoma.