SMAD2 and neoplasm: However, TGF‐β at 1–5 pM potently inhibits growth (~100% inhibition) in wild‐type Mv1Lu cells by stimulating TβR‐V‐mediated growth inhibition (tumor suppressor) signaling in concert with canonical TGF‐β signaling (TβR‐I/TβR‐II/Smad2/3/4)13 in wild‐type Mv1Lu cells.7, 9