Macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) and TGF-β in exosomes derived from pancreatic cancer cells can promote hepatic stellate cells to secrete abundant fibronectin and recruit bone marrow-derived macrophages and neutrophils to transform the liver into a suitable microenvironment for colonization by pancreatic cancer cells.53 This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.