Thereafter the most prevalent non-infectious diagnoses were hypertension, DM and all forms of malignancy.18 There is conflicting evidence as to whether HIV is an independent risk factor for developing DM, but certain complications associated with DM can be seen more commonly in HIV-positive patients.19,20,21 Human immunodeficiency virus is changing the assumption that a single diagnosis, infectious or otherwise, can alone explain the clinical picture, especially at very low CD4 counts. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and diabetes mellitus.