SMAD3 and Myocardial fibrosis: Furthermore, the rGO/silk patch significantly reduced the expression of YAP/TAZ and myocardial fibrosis biomarkers TGF-β1, Smad3, and Smad4 in the infarcted rat myocardium as compared with silk alone (Figures 4A–F), so the rGO/silk patch had a better effect on reducing the expression of the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway than silk alone.