KRAS and Patent ductus arteriosus: In PDA, mutant KRAS was found to upregulate transcriptionally the aspartate transaminase (GOT1) (Son et al., 2013): in this way, GOT1 converts glutamine-derived aspartate into oxaloacetate, which fuels malate and then pyruvate synthesis, thus increasing the NADPH/NADP+ ratio (Figure 2F).