MIF is an independent risk factor for poor survival of pancreatic cancer, which can promote the activation of AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinases, up-regulate the expression of cyclin D1 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), thereby promoting the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells (106). The gene discussed is MMP2; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.