Activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway contributes to artesunate (a ferroptosis inducer) resistance in cisplatin-resistant head and neck cancer cells, but genetic silencing of NRF2 or trigonelline reverses artesunate resistance in cisplatin-resistant HNC cells in vitro and in vivo (41). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and head and neck cancer.