Studies have found that S100A4 (fibroblast-specific protein 1) is associated with myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction [29] and is regulated by Smad3 in myocardial interstitial fibroblasts [30], promoting myocardial fibrosis in the mouse model induced by pressure overload [31]. The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is myocardial infarction.