One study conducted in a dementia-free Framingham cohort, among 1,603 participants of European ancestry with a median of 11.8-year follow-up (McGrath et al., 2020), suggested that elevated GDF-15 was associated with a higher risk of AD (hazard ratio = 1.37 per SD increase in natural log-transformed value; 95% CI, 1.03–1.81; p = 0.03), implicating its predictive value as a novel AD biomarker. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and Alzheimer disease.