CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In recent years, with the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including programmed death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors (5), the first-line treatments for driver-gene negative advanced NSCLC have been enriched and optimized, significantly extending the survival of patients (6).