By taking into account only Malay subjects (SLE n = 46 vs healthy controls n = 41), the proportions of IL-17RA+ (39.45% vs 22.90%; p = 2 x 10-4) and IL-23R+ (90.95% vs 33.20%; p = 1.75 x 10-25) Th cells remained significantly higher in SLE patients compared with the healthy controls (Supplementary Figure 5). Here, IL23R is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.