Rats and cell culture experiments have reported that downregulation of TrxR1 and TrxR2 in response to selenium deficiency affects immune organs and then alters cellular signaling pathways regulated by redox, leading to increased inflammation (Flohé et al., 1997; Hirota et al., 1997; Lothrop et al., 2014). Here, TXNRD1 is linked to selenium deficiency.