Previous studies have reported several specific antigen-stimulated or unstimulated serum cytokine biomarkers for monitoring the potential effect of anti-TB treatment, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-1ra, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, IL-2/interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-inducible protein (IP)-10 (Cooper, 2008; Eum et al., 2010; Chowdhury et al., 2014). Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.