INS and essential hypertension: The relative abundance of tryptophan metabolism (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.010) was higher in primary hypertension patients, while those of galactose metabolism (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.005), insulin resistance (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.001), starch and sucrose metabolism (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.003), amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.011), pentose and glucuronate interconversions (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.018), and insulin signaling pathway (FDR-adjusted p-value = 0.041) were higher in PA patients (Supplementary Table 5).