Gene therapy using DKK1 significantly suppresses fibroblast-specific protein 1(fsp1), a marker for fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, type I collagen, and fibronectin mRNA in the model of obstructive nephropathy, thereby repressing the activation of myofibroblast and improving renal fibrosis (He et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene S100A4 and renal fibrosis.