In recent years, to decrease myocardial fibrosis, some strategies have been developed to target TGF-β pathways, such as TGF-β inhibitors and anti-TGF-β antibodies (Cunnington et al., 2009; Lei et al., 2011), but they all failed to prevent myocardial fibrosis due to a failure in preventing TGFβ from binding to TGFβRs. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Myocardial fibrosis.