Several possible mechanisms of action are explored for the natural anti-obesity compounds such as suppression of appetite, inhibition of lipid absorption, alteration in adipocyte function and differentiation, effect on β-cells and insulin sensitivity, beneficial effect on the gut microbiota and resolution of the obesity-related chronic inflammation (Min et al., 2013; Hussain et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020; Vasileva et al., 2020b; 2021). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.