PIDD1 and Parkinson disease: PIDD1, as the hub gene of PD-related module, was slightly upregulated in PD and was a component of the DNA damage/stress response pathway that functions downstream of p53/TP53 and could either promote cell survival or apoptosis (Tinel and Tschopp, 2004; Janssens et al., 2005; Tinel et al., 2006).