In one study, Wang et al. (2018) demonstrated that populations of CD206+ macrophages localized in close proximity to tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells, which, in combination with colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), induce their polarization to a tumor-supportive phenotype through IL-6 induction of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (H1F-1α)-dependent PPARγ activation. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and neoplasm.