Although impairing tumor associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment through the inhibition of CCR2, CCL2, and CSF-1R has demonstrated preclinical efficacy, these results were not reproduced in the clinical setting, as CSF-1R inhibition failed to improve overall survival in patients with recurrent GBM secondary to P13K-mediated resistance (Zhu et al., 2011; Coniglio et al., 2012; Pyonteck et al., 2013; Butowski et al., 2016). The gene discussed is CSF1R; the disease is neoplasm.