NLR has also been associated with clinical outcomes in advanced NSCLC27,28 and has prognostic value in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab22 and pembrolizumab,29 but this marker alone rather reflects systemic inflammation of the host and can be affected by extrinsic factors, such as infections or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.