To consolidate the findings of our previous study, IHC staining was performed on a cohort of 49 primary VSCC tumour biopsies and 15 age-matched normal vulval epithelial tissue specimens, to evaluate expression of key Hh pathway components (SHH, PTCH1, GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3); the latter obtained from patients undergoing vulva/perineal surgery unrelated to pre-malignant or malignant disease. Here, PTCH1 is linked to neoplasm.