ALB and chronic kidney disease: In addition, the mean urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) levels and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) of each trial, which serve as biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, were not significantly different between each treatment (13.1 ± 21.0 vs. 10.3 ± 10.8 μg/gCr, P = 0.48; and 68.0 ± 94.5 vs. 72.6 ± 76.1 mg/gCr, P = 0.76).