Clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of IFNβ in COVID-19 are ongoing, with promising early results (37, –39); and an early inadequate T1IFN response to SARS-CoV-1 is associated with severe infection (36), but the specific mechanisms regarding the association between T1IFN and severe COVID-19 infection are unknown (6, 10, 36). Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.