IFNB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Additionally, we identified that levels of IFNβ in the plasma of COVID-19 (+) patients with T2D were significantly decreased compared to non-T2D COVID-19 (+) patients, and that coronavirus-infected T2D human and diabetic (DIO) murine Mφs expressed less IFNB1 than their non-T2D infected controls (SI Appendix, Fig. S9).