Examples include timely treatment of empyema (designated as pyothorax in this study) and ruptured lung abscesses with thoracoscopic versus open pulmonary decortication, pulmonary resection for infarcted or damaged lung, and management of complicated pleural effusions with percutaneous drains and/or thoracostomy tube placement using tPA and DNAse [33–40]. The gene discussed is PLAT; the disease is pleural empyema.