RHBDF1 and breast carcinoma: Additionally, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of RHBDF1 in various human breast cancer cell lines and a human squamous cancer cell line significantly inhibited TGFα-mediated EGFR signaling and, further, showed anti-cancer effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and invasion and, ultimately, tumor growth in vivo (Yan et al. 2008; Zhou et al. 2014; Zou et al. 2009).