Moreover, the subsequent univariate and multivariate Cox-regression model showed that the positive of COL1A1 (HR = 2.696; 95% CI: 1.827-3.980; P < 0.001), occurrence of lymph node metastases (HR = 4.586; 95% CI: 2.916-7.213; P < 0.001), higher local invasion at stage T3-T4 (HR = 3.483; 95% CI: 2.025-5.990; P < 0.001), and smoking (HR = 1.488; 95% CI: 1.039-2.132; P = 0.030) were statistically independent predictive factors of poorer prognosis for lung cancer patients (Table 3). Here, COL1A1 is linked to lung cancer.