Although anti-human EpCAM CAR-T cells unable of recognizing mouse EpCAM eradicated established tumor xenografts without toxicities in the immunodeficient animal models, anti-mouse EpCAM CAR-T cells induced severe pulmonary immunopathology in theimmunocompetent mice due to CAR-T recognition of basal EpCAM expression in normal lung (49). The gene discussed is EPCAM; the disease is neoplasm.